To be or not to be: Will Manual stay alive?

Source: elitetransmissionservice.com

Back in the days of distant yore, when people spoke of going fast, manual were king. The thought of fitting a slushbox automatic especially on sports car would be met with derision in yesteryear. But fast forward to present day, all arguments in favour of manual, from performance to fuel efficiency, have gone out the window.

Thanks to advancement in technology, automatics are on par, or even outperformed the same car, same brand, same model, same everything except for its transmission. Just look at all modern supercars nowadays. Majority of them are almost always automatics, though not all of them are torque converter automatics. Rather it is an advanced automated manual transmission spearheaded by the highly popular dual clutch transmission that preselects next higher or lower gears for lightning fast gear change that cannot be rivalled even by the pros.

Furthermore, modern automatics are not just faster but also more fuel efficient. For example, the Porsche Cayman S manual accelerate from 0-62 mph in 4.7s and return 20/28 mpg (city/highway). Outfit it with Porsche's PDK dual clutch transmission, 0-62 takes 4.6s (down to 4.4s if you opt for Sports Chrono Package with Launch Control) and return 21/30 mpg (city/highway). Even modern torque converter automatics are outperforming manual. For instance, the BMW 435i coupe with 6 speed manual transmission accelerate from 0-62 mph in 5.3s and return 20/30 mpg (city/highway); outfit it with the advanced 8 speed automatic 62 mph arrived in just 5.0s and return 21/32 mpg (city/highway).

Source: namu.wiki

In light with the advancement in modern automatics, it is no surprise that automatics dominate the showroom floor; while the manual is consigned to small economy cars and niche market that caters to 'driver's car' moniker.

With automatics getting better and better, will this spell the end of shift-yourself transmission? Well, automatics haven't fully supplanted manual yet. There are sizeable number of marque that offers only manual on certain models such as Honda Civic Type R, Renault Megane RS, Ford Fiesta ST, Porsche Cayman GT4, Porsche Boxster Spyder and Peugeot 208 GTi to name a few.

Clearly, there are still those who clamour for the tactile engagement (including this writer) of dropping the clutch, feeling the cogs meshing under one's palm and of course the satisfaction of nailing rapid fire heel toe downshift. However, the questions on whether manual will soldier on raises question mark as automatics are getting more and more efficient that automakers see no point in offering manual transmission.

To conclude this post, this writer believes that the future of do-it-yourself transmission is hanging by the thread as more and more cars are build with automatics and the demand for manual continues to drop as the world shifts their attention to improving fuel efficiency and minimising carbon footprint to meet the ever tough emission regulations, and (within the performance realm) enable automakers to meet performance milestone.

A look into Regera's radical hybrid drivetrain

Source: Norbert Aepli via Wikimedia Commons CC BY 4.0

Hybrids. With the world shifting their attention to fuel efficiency, automakers look at every nooks and cranny to meet the demands of fuel-conscious consumers. One of the alternatives is the hybrid technology, where electric power join forces with fossil fuel.

How does hybrid improve fuel efficiency? Well, hybrid cars can run on electric power only at low speed, with the internal combustion engine (ICE) kicking in at high speed, a boon for those whose life is made up of exhausting bumper-to-bumper traffic. Such is the benefit of hybrid tech that even the likes of Ferrari LaFerrari, Porsche 918 Spyder, BMW i8 and McLaren P1 are going hybrid. Thanks to hybrid tech, Porsche claims their 887 bhp 918 Spyder can do 3L/100km.

Despite that, one marque express their doubts on hybrids. The marque in question is Koenigsegg, a Swedish supercar brand.

Hybrids add weight, which makes sense due to the extra weight from the electric motor and battery pack. Koenigsegg's policy is weight reduction.

Obviously getting rid of electric motor and battery pack will not make a hybrid, so in the marque's latest hybrid model, christened the Regera, the gearbox is omitted. Yes, you heard it right, there is no multi-speed gearbox to speak off. Rather, the Regera's 5L twin turbo V8 is connected to a final drive with a roughly 2.85:1 ratio via hydraulic coupling, dubbed as Koenigsegg Direct Drive (KDD). According to Koenigsegg, the powertrain minus the gearbox only adds 88 kg. That is impressive. How does it work I heard you ask? 

Source: http://koenigsegg.com/regera/

The engine is supplemented by three electric motors, one on the crankshaft which acts as a generator and starter motor, and two on the driveshaft with one on each side. As illustrated by the above diagram, the electric power is fed by a 9kWh Liquid Cooled battery to the three electric motors. At speed below 30 mph the Regera runs on electric power alone; above 30 mph the V8 beast comes to life channelling a combined power output of roughly 1489 bhp to the rear wheels all the way up to it's 8250 rpm limit. The hydraulic coupling that sits between the engine and final drive directly connects the drive wheel and engine once above the stipulated speed. The three electric motors can fill up the 'torque gap' in the V8's rpm range where it makes less power to ensure an uninterrupted, unadulterated experience around your favourite B-roads.

Well, that's the basic overview on the Regera's innovative hybrid powertrain. Now, what does this writer think of Koenigsegg's ingenious approach? Well, part of the fun of driving is to feel the gear change. It is just natural to feel a bump signalling a change in gears. Speaking from a driving enthusiast perspective, the absence of mechanical tactility stemming from cog swapping may subjectively dilute the visceral pleasure of feeling the cogs meshing, or hearing the throttle blip on downshift. From the technological perspective though, I believe this may present an avenue for manufacturers who are head over heels on hybrid technology but wish to keep weight down to pursue alternatives on implementing hybrid technology without incurring weight penalty that may adversely compromise on the aspect of handling dynamic.